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The information accessed from this screen is based on the publication: Hunt, R. S. 1978. Spruce Cone Rusts. Forestry Canada, Forest Insect and Disease Survey, Forest Pest Leaflet No. 50 4p.
Spruce cone rusts (Uredinales) cause considerable damage in British Columbia by reducing or completely destroying the seed crop in certain years. Two rust fungi are involved, the coastal spruce cone rust ( Chrysomyxa monesis Ziller) and the inland spruce cone rust (C. pirolata Wint.). The importance of the first is restricted, owing to its limited coastal distribution from Alaska to Washington. The latter is widely distributed in North America and Eurasia and causes considerable seed loss from time to time.
For more information, see the Spruce Cone Rusts Forest Pest Leaflet in the Canadian Forest Service bookstore.