Glossary

abruptly adnexed

see adnexed

acanthophysis

see hyphidium

aciculate

very slender, with sharp top, therefore needle-shaped

acidulous

slightly acid

acrid

taste burning or peppery, in this program the description of 'acrid' is rendered as 'peppery'

acula (plural aculae)

spine

aculeate

of cystidia, tapered so that only the very basal portion is relatively swollen, the entire cystidium being shaped like a spine, therefore spine-shaped; of spore, means having narrow spines

acuminate

gradually narrowed to a point

acute

pointed, sharp; less than a right angle

acyanophilous

not cyanophilous

adnate

refers to gills that are broadly attached to the stem, the lower edge of the gill being attached at the line at which a straight gill edge would intersect the stem: if attached above this line it would be adnexed or notched, if attached below this line it would be decurrent; if ascending adnate gills attach at much less than a right angle, appearing to curve upward toward stem; if adnate horizontal, gills attach at about a right angle; if broadly adnate, attached to the stem along their entire height

adnexed

refers to gills that are narrowly attached to the stem: the gill edge curves gradually upward along the inner half of the gill and is attached to the stem by a narrow upper portion of the gill; if abruptly adnexed, gill edge curves abruptly upwards to stem but makes contact with stem in straight line (does not curve as in sinuate attachment)

aeriferous

appearing as if air is trapped

aeruginose

verdigris-green, (malachite-green), the color of oxidized copper

agaric

mushroom with gills

agaricologist

a person who studies gilled mushrooms

agaricology

the study of gilled mushrooms

agglutinated

surface fibrils or scales drawn together in clumps

allantoid

sausage-shaped, tubular and slightly curved with rounded ends

alliaceous

smelling or tasting like onions or garlic

almond-shaped

of spores, with top end broader than base (where hilar appendage located), thus like an almond in shape

alternate names

other names for the same species, given in the description immediately following the primary name; these are earlier or later or illegitimate name for the species, representing all or part of the concept of the primary name: the primary name includes the alternate name, but the alternate name may not include the whole concept represented by the primary name

alutaceous

light leather colored, usually interpreted as light tan or medium yellow brown

alveolate

surface of cap or spore with broad pits

amanitin

same as amatoxin

amanitoid

like Amanita, with free or slightly adnexed gills, a volva, and a ring

amatoxin

cyclic peptide found in Amanita and other genera that are very toxic

amorphous

shapeless, formless

ampullaceous

flask-shaped

ampulliform

flask-shaped; of cystidia, with base and middle parts wide and top part like a beak but wider than in ventricose-rostrate cystidia

amygdaliform

almond-shaped

amygdaline

(odor or taste) like peach or cherry stones

amygdaloid

almond-shaped

amyloid

staining bluish to gray to black in Melzer's reagent

anamorph

the asexual reproductive manifestation of a fungus, characterized by asexual spores

anastomosing

forming a network, connecting by cross-veins

angular

4 to 7 sided, with corners or angles

angular-nodulose

of angular spores, having small lumps protruding at the angles

angular-tuberculate

of angular spores, having bumps at the angles that are less obvious than those in angular-nodulose spores

anise

of an odor, like that of star anise or anise seed, often considered to be like licorice

annular

resembling a ring or referring to a ring, as in an annular zone on stem

annular zone

a band of fibrils or gluten around stem, often becoming darkened by spores, normally derived from veil remnants, but too obscure to be a ring

annulate

bearing an annulus

annulus

ring or collar of tissue on stem formed by ruptured of the veil that initially joins the stem to the cap edge

anthesis

point of development of fruiting body at which the fresh unexpanded cap is in "full flower", contains the features for identification, and is at the brink of spore release

apex

top, highest part

apical

near top

apical pore

same as germ pore, not to be confused with apiculus, which is the other end of the spore

apiculate

with an apiculus

apiculus

nipple-like projection; nipple-like projection on spore which corresponds to the area that was attached to the basidium, sometimes used to refer to a projection on the other end of the spore, same as hilar appendage and not to be confused with apical pore (germ pore)

appendiculate

margin of cap fringed with hanging fragments of the veil; (of cystidium) having an appendage; (of a spore) having one or more setulae

applanate

horizontally expanded, plane, flat

appressed

flattened down

appressed-fibrillose

fibrils are pressed down flat against surface

apud

indicates a name published by one author in the work of another

arachnoid

cobweb-like

arching

of gills, the same as arcuate

arcuate

forming an arch; of gills, means that the middle of the lower edge of the gill is higher than its ends

areolate

surface cracked into plaques or blocks, like the cracking that occurs when mud dries in the sun

argillaceous

clay color, resembling ochraceous-cinnamon-brown

armillarioid

with attached gills, fleshy stem and ring

army brown

vinaceous brown

ascending

refers to gills that curve upwards from the margin of the cap to the attachment at the stem, as in conic or unexpanded cap

ascomycete

fungus belonging to Ascomycota

Ascomycota

Phylum that includes the largest group of fungi, those that produces their spores in sacs called asci, but does not include any gilled mushrooms

asperulate

of spores, appearing roughened with tiny points; or roughened with small warts

asterostromelloid

type of pellis found in Resupinatus composed of swollen terminal elements with short approximately perpendicular branches

astringent

causing a contraction or pucker of the mouth membranes

atomate

a powdered surface consisting of minute shiny particles

attenuate

gradually narrowed

authority

name, often abbreviated, of the mycologist(s) responsible for the taxonomy and nomenclature of a taxon, cited after the Latin name of the genus, species, variety etc.

autodigestion

self-digestion

avellaneous

dull grayish brown, hazel-brown, or light gray-yellow-brown, or closer to drab, or gray tinged with pink, in Ridgway 1912 a color closer to pinkish buff

azonate

without zones, without concentric markings

azure

sky-blue